Guest Editors: Mark J. Lambrechts(Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Brian A. Karamian(University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA)

Despite occurrence over a small percentage of the population, rare diseases are often chronic and life-threatening. Around five new rare diseases are described in medical literature every week. Attention to the special challenges faced by these patients has been sought internationally by an annual Rare Disease Day on the last day of each February.

A multidisciplinary team approach (MDT) is considered best practice in the treatment planning and care for patients in challenging clinical situation. It is an integrated team approach to health care in which medical and allied health care professionals consider all relevant treatment options and collaboratively develop an individual treatment and care plan for each patient.

Guest Editors: Jonathan Kurman (Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA) and Bryan S. Benn (Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA)

Guest Editor: Stênio de Cássio Zequi (Urology Division and Referral Center for Urological Tumors, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC), São Paulo, Brazil)

Guest Editor: Stênio de Cássio Zequi (Urology Division and Referral Center for Urological Tumors, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center (ACCCC), São Paulo, Brazil)